Breast development is usually a sign that a girl is entering puberty. Most girls' breasts start to develop before their first periods. During puberty, every girl's breasts go through regular changes. As you grow and develop, you may notice small lumps and other changes in your breasts, and during your period, you may find your breasts are sensitive and tender. Most of these developments are totally normal. Getting into the habit of examining your breasts when you're still in your teens can help you get used to your normal breast changes. When you become familiar with how they feel, it will be easier to recognize anything unusual.
Why Do I Need Breast Exams?
If you go for an annual checkup with a doctor, he or she will likely examine your breasts to evaluate your development and ensure that all changes are normal. Your doctor may recommend that you get into the practice of examining your breasts yourself — called a breast self-examination (BSE) — and can show you how to do this.
A BSE can help women detect cysts or other benign (noncancerous) breast problems between checkups. It can also help some women detect breast cancer — a disease that's extremely rare among teens. It's easy to perform a breast self-examination, and it only takes a few minutes. Although it might seem strange or inconvenient at first, BSE is a skill you can use throughout your life to ensure good breast health.
How Do I Examine My Breasts?
It's a good idea to examine your breasts once a month, and it makes sense to choose the same time each month because breasts usually change with the menstrual cycle. The best time to do a BSE is about a week after your period starts.
There are two parts to a BSE:
- how your breasts look
- how they feel
The looking part is easy. Before you put on a bra, stand or sit in front of a mirror with your arms relaxed at your sides. Look at your breasts carefully. Do you see anything unusual, like a change in the way your nipples look? Any dimples or changes in the skin?
Then look at yourself from different angles and arm positions. Keep your hands at your sides, raise your arms overhead, place your hands firmly on your hips (to tighten your chest wall muscles), and bend forward. Watch for dimples or changes in the skin. Everyone's breasts look different. Get to know what yours look like.
The next part is how your breasts feel. It may seem strange at first to handle your breasts. Some girls feel self-conscious about it, but there's no reason to feel guilty or awkward. BSE is a positive way to stay healthy.
Some girls feel it's easiest to do the feeling part of the BSE in the shower — not only is it convenient, but the soap and water can also help your hands move easily over your breasts. Examine your breasts one at a time. If you're starting with your right breast, raise your right arm, place your right hand behind your head, and use your left hand to feel your breast.
One way to examine your breast is to think of your breast as a circle. Using the pads of your three middle fingers, move your fingers in a spiral motion from the outside to the inside of the circle, gradually getting closer to the nipple. Notice what feels normal and what may feel different from the last time you examined your breasts.
Use different levels of pressure — light, medium, and firm — to feel each part of your breast. This will allow you to feel the various layers of tissue in the breast. Start with light pressure, increase to medium pressure, and finish with firm pressure to feel the deepest tissue. When you have covered the entire breast, use your finger and thumb to gently squeeze your nipple, watching for any discharge. Then put your left arm behind your head and check your left breast the same way.
You can also examine your breasts as you lie on your back on your bed. Use the same method described above, raising one arm and using the other hand to check your breast in a spiral motion. While you're doing the exam, it's a good idea not to take your hand off your breast so you don't miss a spot. You should also check your armpits for any lumps. Girls who have large breasts should also feel their breasts from the side, while lying on one side and then the other.
As you feel your breasts, you may notice lumps or bumps. This is usually normal — just like so many things about people, breasts are unique. Some girls' breasts are large, some are small; some are symmetrical, others are not. Some healthy breasts feel really bumpy, whereas others are less so. Most teens have healthy breasts no matter what they look or feel like. But if you're worried about the way your breasts look or feel, let your doctor know.
Warning Signs
If you feel an unusual lump in your breast, don't panic — breast cancer is extremely rare in teens. In fact, among teen girls, the most common type of breast lump is usually related to normal breast growth and development. Other common conditions can cause a breast lump, such as a noncancerous growth known as a fibroadenomafibroadenoma, and small, fluid-filled cysts that tend to vary in size with a girl's menstrual cycle and are called fibrocystic breast changes.
Fibrocystic breast changes are common. In fact more than half of all women have them. They're related to the normal cycling of hormones associated with menstruation. Fibrocystic breast changes are typically worse just before and at the start of a girl's period.
If you feel a lump in your breast, talk to your doctor to see if the cause is one of these common conditions. If you have fibrocystic breast changes or other breast problems that may make it difficult to perform a good BSE, your doctor can help.
Infections can also cause breast lumps, as can an injury to the breast.
If you have any of these problems, you should talk to your doctor:
- pain in your breast that seems unrelated to your period
- a new lump, bump, or other change in your breast
- a red, hot, or swollen breast
- fluid or bloody discharge from your nipple
- a lump in your armpit
The goal of a BSE is for you to get used to the way your breasts feel. The better you know your body, the healthier you can be!
